The small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) used in this study were: All Star Negative Control siRNA (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany; Cat# 1027280), human siSTAU1: 5′-CCUAUAACUACAACAUGAGdTdT-3′,11 (link),15 (link)–17 (link) and siMTOR: 5′-GAG CCUUGUUGAUCCUUAA-3′.19 (link) All siRNA oligonucleotides were synthesized by Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). The oligonucleotides were deprotected, and the complementary strands were annealed. Bafilomycin A1 (Baf; InvivoGen, San Diego, CA; Cat# tlrl-baf1), rapamycin (InvivoGen, Cat# tlrl-rap), thapsigargin (Tocris, Ellisville, MO; Cat# 1138), tunicamycin (Tocris, Cat# 3516), Ionomycin (Tocris, Cat# 1704), and sodium arsenite solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO; Cat# 1062771000) were used in this study.