Cells were washed with ice-cold PBS three times and treated with 1–5mM disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS, A39267, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) for 30 min at room temperature. The reaction was stopped by adding the quenching solution (1M Tris, PH 7.5) to the final concentration of 20mM for 15 min. Then, cell lysates were used for WB as described above.