Characterization of raw ilmenite and titanium dioxide nano particles (TiO2 NPs) were carried out by using different analytical techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a Zeiss EM-90 operating at 80 kV tension. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Model Jeol 6510 JSM, LA. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) by using N2 adsorption/desorption at 77 K using an automatic surface area device (BELSORP MINI X). X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Paralytical Philips APD-3720, Netherlands) with Cu–kα radiation (λ = 0.154 cm−1) and operated at 40 kV, 35 mA, 5 min scanning speed in the 2θ range of 5°–80°. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of TiO2 NPs was recorded in the range of 400–4000 cm−1 with a Bruker FT/IR-2000 spectrometer. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique using Axios MAX, PAN analytical, 40 kV, 50 Ma.
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