Specific pathogen free (SPF) mice were produced at each of the 3 test sites by mating CB6F1 females with C3D2F1 males to produce a genetically heterogeneous population15 (link). Weanlings at the 3 sites were fed similar diets (but not identical; see supplementary material for details) until they were started on food containing rapamycin, in Purina 5LG6, at 600 days of age. A second independent study was begun one year later, with rapamycin initiated at 270 days rather than at 600 days of age. The principal endpoint was age at death (for mice found dead at daily inspections) or age at euthanasia (for mice deemed unlikely to survive for more than an additional 48 hrs).