Monoclonal antibody for E–cadherin was purchased from BD Biosciences. Mac–1 antibody was purchased from AbD Serotec. F4/80 and BMP7 antibody was purchased from Abcam. p–Smad1/5 antibody was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Alk3 and E–cadherin antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. For western blot analyses, Alk3 antibody was purchased from EMD Millipore. Measurements of BUN were performed using the QuantiChrom™Urea Assay Kit (BioAssay System) or DIUR–500 QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit (Gentaur). Measurements of urine albumin and urine creating were performed using the QuantiChrom™ Assay for albumin (DIAG-500) and creatinine (DICT-250) Kit (BioAssay System). Details for morphormetric analyses of histological findings are listed in the online method section.