This prospective cohort study was carried out between January 2020 and January 2022 at the Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China. This study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, and all the patients signed an informed consent form.
We used the Pubmed website to search for prior related publications. We first calculated the sample size requirement by using the Chi-square test procedure of PASS software (degrees of freedom=1; power=0.9; alpha=0.05; W=0.55). Based on meeting the minimum sample size requirements, 82 gallstone patients, who underwent LC, with sevoflurane maintenance during surgery in our hospital were included. Another group consisting of 82 gallstone patients who underwent LC, with propofol maintenance during the surgery was set as the control group. Sevoflurane-maintained patients (n=82) or propofol-maintained patients (n=82) were categorized into Sevoflurane group or propofol group. All patients were treated with a 4-trocar standard laparoscopic technique and completed by the same surgical team. Patients with the following conditions were excluded: i) those who could not self-evaluate their physical condition; ii) those who were diagnosed with a certain mental disease, pregnant and lactating women; iii) those who did not obtain informed consent; and iv) those who were younger than 18 years old.
For anesthesia, the patients were injected with 0.1‐g phenobarbital sodium (Jinyao Amino Acid Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China) and 0.5‐mg atropine (Weideli Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China) 30 minutes (min) before anesthesia induction. General anesthesia was induced with sufentanil (0.3 mg/kg) (Humanwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yichang, China), midazolam (0.04 mg/kg) (Humanwell Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yichang, China), and propofol (2 mg/kg) (Weideli Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China). Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane (2-3% end‐tidal concentration) (Hengrui Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, China) in sevoflurane group or with propofol (4-6 mg/kg•h) in propofol group, in combination with sufentanil (0.15-0.35 µg/kg•h) during surgery.
We set up 5 time-points (TM1, TM2, TM3, TM4 and TM5). TM1 was the time point before surgery; TM2 was 5 min after anesthesia induction; TM3 was 2 hours (h) after surgery; TM4 and TM5 were 24 h and 48 h after surgery. Blood samples were extracted from patients between TM1 and TM5. Serum in ordinary test tubes was centrifuged at 1500 g for 10 min.
We used the Pubmed website to search for prior related publications. We first calculated the sample size requirement by using the Chi-square test procedure of PASS software (degrees of freedom=1; power=0.9; alpha=0.05; W=0.55). Based on meeting the minimum sample size requirements, 82 gallstone patients, who underwent LC, with sevoflurane maintenance during surgery in our hospital were included. Another group consisting of 82 gallstone patients who underwent LC, with propofol maintenance during the surgery was set as the control group. Sevoflurane-maintained patients (n=82) or propofol-maintained patients (n=82) were categorized into Sevoflurane group or propofol group. All patients were treated with a 4-trocar standard laparoscopic technique and completed by the same surgical team. Patients with the following conditions were excluded: i) those who could not self-evaluate their physical condition; ii) those who were diagnosed with a certain mental disease, pregnant and lactating women; iii) those who did not obtain informed consent; and iv) those who were younger than 18 years old.
For anesthesia, the patients were injected with 0.1‐g phenobarbital sodium (Jinyao Amino Acid Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China) and 0.5‐mg atropine (Weideli Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China) 30 minutes (min) before anesthesia induction. General anesthesia was induced with sufentanil (0.3 mg/kg) (Humanwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yichang, China), midazolam (0.04 mg/kg) (Humanwell Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Yichang, China), and propofol (2 mg/kg) (Weideli Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China). Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane (2-3% end‐tidal concentration) (Hengrui Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, China) in sevoflurane group or with propofol (4-6 mg/kg•h) in propofol group, in combination with sufentanil (0.15-0.35 µg/kg•h) during surgery.
We set up 5 time-points (TM1, TM2, TM3, TM4 and TM5). TM1 was the time point before surgery; TM2 was 5 min after anesthesia induction; TM3 was 2 hours (h) after surgery; TM4 and TM5 were 24 h and 48 h after surgery. Blood samples were extracted from patients between TM1 and TM5. Serum in ordinary test tubes was centrifuged at 1500 g for 10 min.
Free full text: Click here
