The Alms1Gt/Gt mice (B6.129P2-Alms1Gt(XH152)Byg/Pjn) used in this study were generated from gene-trapped ES cells (MMRC#008633)26 (link),47 (link). Mice were fed ad libitum a 4K54 diet (PMI Nutrition International, St. Louis, MO) and provided an unlimited access to water in a temperature/humidity controlled setting with a 12 hour light/dark cycle at The Jackson Laboratory Research Animal Facility. All mouse protocols used in this study were approved by the JAX institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Mouse hearts were extracted from mice euthanized by carbon dioxide asphyxiation and allowed to contract in phosphate buffered saline for 5–10 minutes and immediately placed in 4% paraformaldeyde at 4 °C overnight. Subsequently, tissues were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and immunostained as previously reported48 (link). The aMHC promoter-driven EGFP-IRES-puromycin transgenic mice (alphaMHC-GFP), in which only cardiomyocytes express the green fluorescent protein (GFP) facilitate rapid and efficient isolation of cardiomyocytes23 (link). Hearts from these mice were dissociated using collagense II/TrypLE. GFP+ cardiomyocytes were isolated by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) using an SH800 sorter (Sony Biotechnology).