The experiments were conducted as described in previous research.43 (link) Briefly, the cells were evenly planted on a six-well plate and grown into a confluent monolayer. Subsequently, a scratch was made and marked on the underside of the plate to ensure that the images were observed at identical places at 0 and 48 h. The migrated areas were calculated using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software.
The Transwell chamber was precoated with 50 μL matrix gel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). A total of 2 × 105 cells were then inoculated into the upper chamber. The invading cells were stained after 48 h and counted for the Matrigel invasion assay. In the above experiments, cell proliferation was inhibited using mitomycin C (Selleckchem, USA).
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