Biochemical Markers for Metabolic Health

Blood samples were obtained by peripheral venous puncture, immediately centrifuged at 3000 × g for 10 min, and then stored at −80 °C until analysis. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serum creatinine, and blood glucose were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer (model 7600; Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Serum UA level was measured with a Hitachi clinical chemistry analyzer with the uricase HMMPS method. Five samples were used to evaluate the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV), which ranged from 2.3% to 4.5% and from 3.2% to 6.4%, respectively. Estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula^{24 (link)}. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum UA level of ≥420 μmol/L for men and ≥360 μmol/L for women.