Molecular networking was generated using Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS; https://gnps.ucsd.edu; accessed on 23 May 2022) [33 (link)]. The preprocessed data were submitted to a feature-based molecular networking workflow (version 28.2) in GNPS [34 (link)]. The precursor-ion mass tolerance and MS/MS fragment ion tolerance were set to 0.02 Da. Edges in the network were created when a cosine score was above 0.7 with at least 6 matched fragment ions. The molecular network data were visualized by Cytoscape (version 3.8.0.). Annotated metabolites were collected, and structures were confirmed with their ion fragmentation from LC-MS/MS using ChemDraw Professional 16.
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