In utero electroporation was performed essentially as described previously [35 (link), 36 (link)]. Briefly, pregnant Institute of Cancer Research mice at E15.5 were anesthetized, and the uterine horns were exposed. Approximately 1 μl of DNA solution was injected into the lateral ventricles of embryos. The embryos were subjected to five square electric pulses (35 V, 50 ms, 1 Hz) using an electroporator (CUY21E; NEPA Gene). The brains with abnormal morphology were excluded from the experiments.
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