Integrin expression was monitored by flow cytometry and Geometric Mean Fluorescence Intensity (GMFI) was determined and normalized against the GMFI obtained for isotype controls. Staining was performed in a p96 U-bottom plate (Thermo Scientific) Cells were fixed with 2% formaldehyde for 10 minutes and blocked for 30 minutes with a PBS buffer containing 1% BSA and 100 μg/ml human gamma globulin (Sigma). When required, the cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS buffer for 10 minutes before blocking. The following hybridoma-derived monoclonal mouse antibodies were used to detect protein expression: BEAR-1 (integrin αM) (24 (link)), Ts1/11 (integrin αL) (25 (link)), HC1/1 (integrin αX) (26 (link)), BU15 mAb anti-CD11c (Immunotools), Ts2/16 (integrin β1) (27 (link)), Lia2/3 (integrin β2) (28 (link)), PAINS-10 (tetraspanin CD9) (29 (link)), Vj1/12 (CD59) (30 (link)) and 5A6 (tetraspanin CD81) (31 (link)). Cells were washed and stained with a donkey anti-mouse Alexa Fluor® 488 antibody (Life Technologies), as per the manufacturer’s instructions. To determine total cellular F-actin, Phalloidin-Alexa Fluor® 647 (Life Technologies) was used. When indicated, cells were treated with 1 µM jasplakinolide (Santa Cruz) 24 hours previous to completing the retinoic acid-induced differentiation.
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