Genetically Modified Mouse Models

Specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6J mice (#000664), Rosa26-tdTomato mice (#007914), Rosa26-eYFP (#007903), Actb-DsRed (#006051), Actb-GFP (#003291), Lgr5-Cre (#008875), and OT-II (#004194) mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory. Lats1^{flox/flox 29 (link)}, Lats2^{flox/flox 30 (link)}, Yap^{flox/flox 27 (link)}, Taz^{flox/flox 28 (link)}, Ltbr^{flox/flox 20 (link)}, Ccl19-Cre^{20 (link)}, and Pdgfrb-Cre-ER^{T2 45 (link)} mice were transferred, established, and bred in SPF animal facilities at KAIST. All mice were maintained in the C57BL/6 background and fed with free access to a standard diet (PMI LabDiet) and water. In order to induce Cre activity in the Cre-ER^T2 mice, 2 mg of tamoxifen (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in corn oil (Sigma-Aldrich) and intra-peritoneally (i.p.) injected at indicated time points. All mice were anesthetized with i.p. injection of a combination of anesthetics (80 mg/kg ketamine and 12 mg/kg of xylazine) before being euthanatized. We complied with all ethical regulations for animal testing and research and performed all animal experiments and euthanasia under the approval from the Institute Animal Care and Use Committee (No. KA2016-12) of Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). Mouse model nomenclatures are included in Supplementary Table 1.