An overview of the experimental setup is shown in Figure 1. An array was designed to fit within the transducer of a commercially available InSightec ExAblate Neuro MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) device (InSightec, Haifa, Israel). The device was fitted with the low frequency transducer option which consists of a 30 cm diameter hemisphere equipped with 1024 elements operating at 230 kHz center frequency. The elements are distributed onto several ‘tiles’ within the hemisphere (Fig. 1a) where each large tile contains nine elements (Hölscher et al 2011 ). The elements are driven by a multichannel amplifier system and controlled by a workstation supplied by the manufacturer. The transducer was mounted on the table of a 3T clinical MRI scanner (Signa HDxt 3.0T; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). The transducer was oriented in its ‘research mode’ configuration, in which it is rotated 90° from its usual clinical orientation to face upwards like a bowl in a manner similar to previous work (Arvanitis et al 2013 (link)).