PARP1 IHC staining was carried out using a primary polyclonal rabbit anti-PARP1 antibody (sc-7150, 0.4 μg/mL, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). At MSK, the staining was carried out using the automated Discovery XT processor (Ventana Medical Systems) at the Molecular Cytology Core Facility as described previously26 (link). At MSMC, the same anti-PARP1 antibody was used (0.4 μg/mL, 1 h) in combination with the DAKO Real Envision kit (K5007, DAKO). Since the PARP1 antibody was discontinued by Santa Cruz, we tested and validated PA5–16452 (Invitrogen) as potential alternative.