To further track the bioactivity of the implanted CSPCs in vivo, CM-DiI (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) was used as a non-targeted probe for CSPCs before transplantation. All procedures were performed as previously described [34 (link)]. The applied label, CM-Dil (excitation: 553 nm; emission: 570 nm), for CSPCs was monitored by red fluorescence in the defect zones at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. The Xenogen IVIS® Spectrum Noninvasive Quantitative Molecular Imaging System (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) was used for optical imaging for cell tracking.
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