RNA extraction and real-time PCR were performed following the manufacturer’s protocols as previously reported (33 (link)–35 (link)). Briefly, total RNA (including small RNAs) were extracted from frozen tissues using mirVana miRNA Isolation Kits (Life Technologies). Reverse transcription (RT) was performed using TaqMan® MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kits (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), and the resulting cDNAs were quantitatively amplified for miR-34a, miR-30b and U6 using TaqMan® Universal Master Mix II, with UNG and TaqMan® MicroRNA specific primers for miR-34a (ID 000426), miR-30b (ID 000602) and U6 (ID 001973) on a 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). The relative miRNA expression fold change was quantified using the 2-ΔΔCT method with U6 as the endogenous control. Mean ± S.E.M was reported for N = 4 at each condition.