The inclusion criteria were: Patients with esthetic concern; complaining of food lodgment in the anterior embrasure; with Class I and Class II papillary loss (Nordland and Tarnow classification, 1982); having adequate width of attached gingiva; within age group of 18–45 years; with plaque index <1 (Turesky, Gilmore and Glickman Modification of Quigley Hein 1970); and gingival index <1 at the involved sites (Loe and Silness 1967). The sites with a distance ≤7 mm from the interdental contact point to the interproximal bone crest and a probing depth of ≤4 mm at the defective papillary sites were considered for inclusion. For split mouth cases, the two interdental spaces had to not be adjacent, to avoid potential paracrine effects of the substances investigated. Patients excluded from the study were those that received radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunosuppressive treatments, systemic corticosteroids and/or anticoagulants the 30 days prior to intervention; having known history of allergy, systemic or blood borne diseases; prolonged treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or similar medications; smokers; lactating or pregnant females; presence of composite and prosthetic restoration in maxillary anterior region; undergoing orthodontic treatment; having high frenum attachment; having midline diastema; and having any inability to take part in the investigation and comply with the required follow-up procedures. Sites with Nordland and Tarnow Class III papillary loss, sites with underlining intraosseous defects and implant sites were also excluded.
Free full text: Click here
