Each individual in the migrant and non-migrant samples was examined macroscopically for the presence of LEH, CO, and PH.
All observable teeth were examined for LEH and were evaluated as present when enamel anomalies manifested as linear grooves or furrows, were visible to the naked eye and could be felt with a fingernail. LEH was scored as present when at least one tooth showed at least one hypoplastic line.
PH and CO were evaluated as present when porotic lesions could be seen macroscopically on the ectocranial surface of the cranial vault and orbital roofs, respectively. The lesions were then scored for severity according to Stuart-Macadam [44 (link)]. Severity scores were collected on all cases of the non-migrant sample and a restricted subsample of 25 skulls of migrants (selected randomly), in order to obtain comparable sample sizes.
All observable teeth were examined for LEH and were evaluated as present when enamel anomalies manifested as linear grooves or furrows, were visible to the naked eye and could be felt with a fingernail. LEH was scored as present when at least one tooth showed at least one hypoplastic line.
PH and CO were evaluated as present when porotic lesions could be seen macroscopically on the ectocranial surface of the cranial vault and orbital roofs, respectively. The lesions were then scored for severity according to Stuart-Macadam [44 (link)]. Severity scores were collected on all cases of the non-migrant sample and a restricted subsample of 25 skulls of migrants (selected randomly), in order to obtain comparable sample sizes.
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