Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting were performed as described previously.57 (link), 58 (link) The following antibodies were used: p16 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA, #sc-56330), MDR1/P-gp (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-1517), calnexin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-80645), α-tubulin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-32293), annexin V (Abcam, #ab14196), CD63 and HSP70 (System Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA, #EXOAB-CD63A-1), p21 (BD Biosciences, #556430), GAPDH (Cell Signalling, #5174P) and Na/K ATPase (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA #NB300-146). The differential CD63 bands potentially represents either differential glycosylation59 (link) or the isolation method used to harvest EVs.60 (link) Densitometry was completed to determine the expression of proteins. Densitometry was completed using Image J software with all results normalised to the loading control.
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