Cartilage constructs were custom fabricated based on previously described methods.10 (link),12 (link),17 (link) Briefly, porcine ASCs were suspended in type I oligomeric collagen and polymerized. They were then compressed to constructs (412 mg total collagen, 3.4 cm in diameter, 5 mm in thickness) and cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium (Hyclone Advance Stem Chondrogenic Differentiation Medium, SH30889.02; Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) and were maintained in a 37°C, 5% CO2 incubator for 2 weeks. The medium was changed twice per week.