Acrylic acid and n-butanol were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Toluene, methyl alcohol, diethyl ether, p-Toluene sulfonic acid and Hydroquinone were obtained from Alfa Aesar. Commercial Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) copolymer with = 28 wt. % of vinyl acetate (VA) content was purchased from ExxonMobil Chemical Company. Lastly, crude oil was obtained from the western desert of Egypt (QN field — Qarun Company), with a physiochemical characteristic listed in Table 1 .
Physiochemical characteristics of crude oil.
| Test | Method | Results |
|---|---|---|
| [email protected] ℃, g/L | ASTM D-1298 | 0.79 |
| Specific gravity@60/60 ℉ | ASTM D-4052 | 0.79 |
| API gravity@60 ℉ | ASTM D-4052 | 47.08 |
| Viscosity kinematics at 40 ℃ cSt | ASTM D-445 | 3.33 |
| Pour point (℃) | ASTM D-97 | 15 |
| Wax content (wt.%) | UOP 46/64 | 4.67 |
| Asphaltene content (wt.%) | IP 143/57 | 0.3 |
| Ash content (wt.%) | IP 4/94 | 0.001 |
| Carbon residue (wt.%) | IP 13/94 | 0.44 |
| Sulfur content (wt.%) | ASTM D-4294 | 0.09 |
| Water content (vol%) | IP 74/70 | 0.01 |
| Flash point (℃) | IP 170 | − 19 |
| Gross calorific value (MJ/Kg) | ASTM D-240 | 46.37 |
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