After treatment, LAPC4-KD cells were washed and fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich) followed by blocking with 1% BSA for 1 h. Cells were probed with LC3B antibody (Cell Signaling) at room temperature for 1 h and then incubated with Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated anti-rabbit antibody (Invitrogen) for 1 h (Xu et al., 2007 (link)). Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 for 10 min. The stained cells were then analyzed using a fluorescence microscope (Carl Zeiss) as described previously (Liao et al., 2017 (link)).
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