The characterisation of AgNPs and HAART-AgNPs was previously done (Lawal et al., 2021 (link)). Briefly, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (Perkin-Elmer Universal ATR spectrometer, USA) was used to identify the various functional groups in the HAART + AgNPs conjugates. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy (Shimadzu MultSpec-1501, Shimadzu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was used to confirm the absorption of the conjugated HAART-AgNPs. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles were examined by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM, JEOL 2100, Japan) operated at a voltage of 200 kV.
The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Carl Zeiss, Germany) operated at a voltage of 5 kV with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX, Aztec Analysis Software, England) was used to determine the elemental components.
The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Carl Zeiss, Germany) operated at a voltage of 5 kV with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX, Aztec Analysis Software, England) was used to determine the elemental components.
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