Bed bug DNA was extracted from the halves of each bed bug after overnight incubation at 56 °C in a 1.5 ml tube containing 180 µl of G2 lysis buffer and 20 µl of proteinase K (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The EZ1 DNA tissue kit (Qiagen) was used for DNA extraction in accordance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer. DNA from each sample was eluted with 100 µ of Tris–EDTA (TE) buffer (Qiagen), observed using Thermo Scientific NanoDrop 1000 (United States), and kept at − 20 °C until further analysis25 (link).
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