A DNA sequence encoding SARS-CoV-2 RBD Omicron BA.5 was designed with His-tag at the N-terminal for protein purification. The synthesized gene was inserted into pET15b at the NdeI/BamH1 with ampicillin resistance (Supplementary Figure S1a). The RBD was expressed in E. coli T7 SHuffle cells and purified from inclusion bodies as explained elsewhere [18 (link)]. The RBD proteins tagged by 6-Histidines were purified using denaturing open nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) (Wako, Japan) chromatography. The proteins were further purified using reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC. The purified RBD were lyophilized and stored at –30°C.