PEG-DA gels were formed by adding acrylate-PEG-RGD (2 mM) with various polymer weight percentage solutions of acrylate-PEG-VPM-PEG-acrylate in PBS + 0.05% Irgacure 2959 (Ciba) photoinitiator and exposure to UV light (10 mW cm−2) for 10 minutes. Michael-type addition PEG hydrogels (PEG-4A, PEG-4VS, PEG-4MAL) were formed by reacting 4-arm functionalized PEG-macromer with the cell-adhesion peptide GRGDSPC followed by cross-linking with the protease degradable peptide VPM at stoichiometrically balanced 1:1 cysteine to remaining reactive group molar ratio. For most experiments, PEG-4A and PEG-4VS were reacted in PBS + TEA (400 mM, pH 7.4), whereas PEG-4MAL was reacted in PBS + TEA (4 mM, pH 7.4).