The size and zeta potential of all nanoparticle sets (culture media/seawater and pristine/weathered) were characterized using a Malvern Zetasizer (Zetasizer NanoZS, Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK)) as described in [39 (link)]. Briefly, measurements were performed by transferring 1 mL of nanoparticle working solutions to spectrophotometer cuvettes (for size) or folded capillary cells (for zeta potential).
Electrophoretic mobility was measured by laser doppler micro-electrophoresis at 25 °C, three times with 10 to 100 sub-runs (Zetasizer NanoZS, Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK) and the zeta potential was calculated by Zetasizer NanoZS v 3.30 software. Results from the nanosizer were adjusted to consider refractive index and viscosity according to the methods of [41 (link)].
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