Protein samples were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred onto PVDF membrane as described elsewhere [31 (link)]. The following antibodies were used: anti-Gag rabbit pAb (Bio Academia), anti-Vpr mouse mAb (Cosmo Bio Co., LTD), anti-FLAG M2 mouse mAb (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-GST rabbit pAb (Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., LTD), anti-GST goat pAb (GE Healthcare), anti-β-actin mouse mAb (Sigma-Aldrich), horseradish-peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Amersham Biosciences), HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Amersham Biosciences), and HRP-conjugated donkey anti-goat IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The intensity of the protein bands was measured using an ImageJ v.1.50 software.
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