Endothelial Function Assessment via FMD

Endothelial function was measured by a single operator using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) as described previously42 (link). Briefly, subjects were fasted overnight and rested in a temperature-controlled room. A blood pressure cuff was placed on the forearm and inflated to supra-systolic pressure for 5 minutes. The brachial artery was visualised using a Philips iU-22 ultrasound machine and the diameter was measured off-line on a frame-by-frame basis for a period of 2 minutes. The mean maximal diameter was calculated using a cubic spline curve. FMD was defined as the % change in diameter between baseline and mean maximal diameter. Dilatation was also measured in response to sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). Endothelial function was expressed as the ratio of endothelial-dependent (FMD) to endothelium-independent (GTN-mediated) dilatation (ED/EI) in order to correct for differences in baseline arterial diameter and subject age.

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Reynolds J.A., Haque S., Williamson K., Ray D.W., Alexander M.Y, & Bruce I.N. (2016). Vitamin D improves endothelial dysfunction and restores myeloid angiogenic cell function via reduced CXCL-10 expression in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scientific Reports, 6, 22341.

Publication 2016

iU-22 ultrasound machine

Arterial Blood pressure Brachial artery Cubic Dilatation Endothelium Forearm Frame Glyceryl trinitrate Systolic pressure Ultrasound

Corresponding Organization :

Other organizations : University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Inflation of blood pressure cuff to supra-systolic pressure for 5 minutes

dependent variables

Brachial artery diameter measured over a period of 2 minutes
Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) expressed as % change in diameter between baseline and mean maximal diameter
Dilatation in response to sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)
Ratio of endothelial-dependent (FMD) to endothelium-independent (GTN-mediated) dilatation (ED/EI)

control variables

Subjects were fasted overnight
Subjects rested in a temperature-controlled room
Measurements were performed by a single operator

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