Adipose tissues were homogenized and the protein concentration was determined by Bradford assay as previously described [20 (link)]. The proteins were separated on 4–12% acrylamide SDS/PAGE gels (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) to evaluate the expression of H6PDH (Cat# sc-67394, Santa Cruz, Dallas, Texas), 11β-HSDl (Cat# sc-20175, Santa Cruz, Dallas, Texas), ACC (Cat# C83B10, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), ACL (Cat# 4332, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), pSer79 ACC (Cat# D7D11, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), pSer455 ACL (Cat# 4331, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), total HSL (Cat# 4107S, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), phospho-Ser660 HSL(Cat# 4126S Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), ATGL (Cat# 2138S, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), and β-actin (Cat# 3700S, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA). Adipose proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and incubated with the appropriate primary and secondary antibodies. Protein bands were visualized using ECL (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Waltham, MA) and quantified by Eagle Eye II Quantitation System (Stratagene, CA, U.S.A.).