Primary keratinocytes and early passage MEFs from Mdm2SNP309G/G and Mdm2SNP309T/T mice were generated as previously described (21 (link), 55 (link)). Early passage MEFs were transfected with 7 µg of pCMV-GFP vector containing E2F4 cDNA, E2F6 cDNA, SP1 cDNA, or empty vector using Lipofectamine 3000 reagent (Sigma, L3000015). Forty-eight hours later, GFP positive cells were sorted by FACS and RNA was extracted for RT-PCR analysis.