RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed as previously described (Cox et al., 2011 ). Protocols for quantification of splicing of XBP1 were described previously (Cox et al., 2011 ; Brown et al., 2016 (link)). qPCRs were run on a Rotorgene 3000 (Qiagen, Crawley, UK) using GoTaq G2 Flexi DNA polymerase (Promega, Southampton, UK; cat. no. M7801) and analyzed as described before (Brown et al., 2016 (link)). Primer sequences are listed in Table 2 or have been reported before (Brown et al., 2016 (link)). Amplification of a single PCR product was confirmed by recording the melting curves after each PCR. The amplification efficiencies for all qPCRs were ∼0.75 ± 0.05. Results represent the average and SE of three technical repeats. qPCR results were confirmed by at least one other biological replicate.