R6CN2HCV transgenic mice that possess HCVR6 (genotype 1b) cDNA (nucleotides 294 to 3435) downstream of the CAG promoter, the neomycin resistance gene (neo), and poly(A) signal flanked by two loxP sequences (12 (link)) were bred with Mx1-Cre transgenic mice (purchased from The Jackson Laboratory) to produce R6CN2HCV-MxCre transgenic mice (CN2-29+/−/MxCre+/−), here referred to as HCV transgenic mice. Cre expression in the livers of these mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of poly(I · C) (GE Healthcare UK Ltd., Buckinghamshire, England); 300 μl poly(I · C) solution {1 mg/ml calcium- and magnesium-free phosphate-buffered saline [in PBS(−)]} was injected 3 times at 48-h intervals.