Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC® 15697™ (B. infantis) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Middlesex, UK). Bacterial cultures were maintained as previously described [10 (link),11 (link)] The strain was stored in deMan Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) (Difco, Sparks, MD, , USA) broth containing 50% glycerol at −80 °C. The strain was cultured twice in MRS media supplemented with L-cysteine (0.05% w/v) (Merck, Dannstadt, Germany) prior to use, and was routinely grown overnight at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions generated using an Anaerocult A system (Merck).
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