To construct pCDH-tdTomato expression plasmid, full-length tdTomato was amplified from the pCDH-EF1-Luc2-P2A-tdTomato (Addgene, 72486) with a pair of primers (Forward: 5'-GCTAGCCCAATCATTTAAATATAACTT-3', Reverse: 5'-GCGGCCGCTTACTTGTACAGCTCGTCCATGC-3'), and then cloned into the pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1α-Neo vector at the Nhe1 and Not1 sites. The sequence of inserted tdTomato was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The constitutively active STAT3 (STAT3-C-Flag) and pCDH-luciferase constructs were generated as previously described7 (link),56 (link). Specific shRNAs against BACE1 (shBACE1; #1: TRCN0000000277, #2: TRCN0000000279) or a non-targeting shRNA (shNT; SHC002) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The lentivirus packaging vectors (ps-PAX2, 12260; and pCI-VSVG, 1733) were from Addgene. The plasmids for expressing human BACE1 with the C-terminal His-tag (HG10064-CH) and human IL-6R with the C-terminal Flag-tag (HG10398-CF) were obtained from Sino Biological.