To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach in vivo, 32 patients with CHD (average age: 21 years, range: 1–60 years, 21 males) and a clinical indication for CMR were included in this institutional review board-approved study. Following the protocol at our institution, examinations were performed without sedation for patients older than 5 years of age (N = 30) and using intravenous dexmedetomidine (N = 2) otherwise, during free breathing, on a 1.5T clinical MRI system (MAGNETOM Sola, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) after administration of 2–5 mg/kg of ferumoxytol (Takeda, Tokyo, Japan) [39] (link). A slab-selective spoiled gradient echo prototype free-running 3D radial sequence was used [20] (link), [26] (link) and resulted in uninterrupted acquisitions of 6-minute duration [21] (link). Main sequence parameters were radiofrequency excitation angle: 15°, resolution: 1.15 mm3, field-of-view (FOV): 220 mm3, echo time/repetition time: 1.53/2.84 ms, readout bandwidth: 1002 Hz/pixel. A standard multi-slice 2D CINE balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) in short-axis orientation was acquired for all patients and the sequence parameters were radiofrequency excitation angle: 63°, resolution: 1.4 × 1.4 mm2, slice thickness: 5–8 mm, FOV: 168 × 208 mm2, echo time/repetition time: 1.2/2.4 ms, reconstructed cardiac phases: 25.
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