The data from each study was abstracted into predetermined tables using Google Sheets by 2 reviewers (D.L.L. and H.A.K.) and further reviewed by the third author (M.H.). The following data were abstracted from the studies if available: study characteristics (author, publication year, journal, level of evidence, study design, etc), number of patients, participants characteristics (i.e., age, sex, etc), follow-up length, details of the treatment performed (arthroscopic portals, TTC nail, etc), subjective outcomes (the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society [AOFAS] ankle-hindfoot score, visual analog scale for pain, etc) pain scale, and complications. Descriptions of the procedures, arthroscopy portals, patient positioning, and instruments used were summarized.
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