The PEG-b-AGE coating polymer was synthesized following the procedure reported by us previously.34 (link) Water-insoluble IONP crystals made from thermodecomposition and stabilized by oleic acids in chloroform were dispersed in tetrahydrofuran via solvent exchange, and transferred to aqueous media after being coated with PEG-b-AGE polymers via the ligand exchange reaction to replace oleic acids on the surface of IONPs as described earlier.34 (link) The core sizes of IONPs before and after coating were measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM, H-7500, Hitachi, Dallas, TX, USA). The hydrodynamic sizes and surface charges of PEG-b-AGE-coated IONPs were measured using a dynamic light scattering instrument (Zetasizer Nano S90, Malvern, Westborough, MA, USA). Averaged hydrodynamic sizes and zeta potentials were calculated from three measurements for each sample using number-weighted statistics. Iron concentrations were determined by colorimetric spectroscopy as described in the literature.36