Stable colon cancer SW480 and DLD1 cell lines were generated expressing DsRed-LC3-GFP reporter.18 (link) After cultured under different conditions, cells were fixed and fluorescent signals of DsRed and GFP were detected using an Olympus FlowView FV1000 confocal laser-scanning microscope (Waltham, MA, USA). The autophagy index was calculated as the relative fluorescence intensity of DsRed to that of GFP obtained from flow cytometry analysis.
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