Pathological Bone Destruction Modeling

An animal model of pathologic bone destruction was generated as described previously.^{40 (link)} In brief, LPS (12.5 mg·kg^–1) or PBS was injected into the subcutaneous tissue of nine-week-old male C57BL/6 mouse calvaria. The mice were simultaneously subcutaneously injected with TEPP46 (50 mg·kg^–1) or DMSO, followed by an additional injection for three days. The mice were then euthanized five days after LPS injection, and serum samples were collected to measure TNF-α (Cat. # 555268, BD Biosciences), IL-6 (Cat. # 555240, BD Biosciences), and IL-17AF (Cat. # 88-8711, Invitrogen) by ELISA. Calvaria were harvested, fixed, and subjected to μCT analysis followed by histomorphometric analysis.