Isolated splenic CD4+ T cells were cultivated in an RPMI 1640 medium that was supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin mixture, Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals), Con-A (5 µg/mL), and IL-2 (10 U/mL) for 48 h. Membrane potentials were measured by using the voltage-sensitive dye DiBAC4(3), as previously reported [9 (link),38 (link)]. Changes induced in the fluorescent intensity of DiBAC4(3) by alkaline pH (pH 8.5) were measured with an ORCA-Flash2.8 digital camera (Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu, Japan). Data collection and analyses were performed by using an HCImage system (Hamamatsu Photonics). Images were obtained every 5 s.
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