High speed pelleting and co-pelleting, and GTPase assays were performed in HEK50 buffer (50 mM HEPES-KOH pH 7.2, 50 mM KCl, 0.1 mM EDTA) as described previously (Goley et al., 2010 (link); Sundararajan et al., 2015 (link)). When indicated, MgCl2 was added to 1, 2.5 or 10 mM, GTP was added to 2 mM, or GMP-CPP (Jena Bioscience) was added to 0.2 mM. Tryptophan assay was performed by measuring tryptophan emission at 344 nm of FtsZ L72W ± FtsZ in HEK50 buffer with ZapA or ZauP at after exciting at 295 nm using Fluoromax-3 as described (Milam and Erickson, 2013 (link)).