Survivin levels were measured in serum samples diluted 1:10 using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (DY647, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The absolute level of survivin in each sample was calculated after the serial dilution of human recombinant survivin (R&D Systems), the detection limit was 100 pg/mL. Samples containing >450 pg/mL of survivin were considered positive based on the cut-off level determined in 104 healthy blood donors.26 (link)
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