AC1 was inhibited using the AC1 selective inhibitor ST034307 (Tocris, United Kingdom), which has been shown to demonstrate selectivity for AC1 over other AC isoforms at concentrations below 30 μM (Brust et al., 2017 (link)). In all experiments, ST034307 was dissolved in DMSO to make 3 mM stock prior to addition to experimental solutions at a final concentration of 1 µM and applied for at least 5 min for isolated cells, or 30 min for whole-tissue experiments in order to ensure sufficient tissue penetration.
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