The activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in BMDMs subjected to the indicated treatments were detected using caspase-Glo 3/7, caspase-Glo 8 and caspase-Glo assay kits (cat. nos. G8090, G8200 and G8210, respectively; Promega Corporation) according to the manufacturer's protocols. BMDMs were seeded at a density of 1x103 cells in 96-well plates and allowed to adhere overnight. Following incubation with the indicated drugs, caspase-Glo reagent was added to the cells at a 1:1 ratio. The contents were mixed and the cells were incubated for 1 h at room temperature. The luminescence signal of each sample was then detected using a Veritas plate-reading luminometer (Turner BioSystems) according to the manufacturer's instructions (25 (link)). The relative percentage of luminescence intensity was calculated by comparison to the vehicle control (26 (link)).