Total RNA was extracted from freshly frozen tumor samples using the ReliaPrep RNA Cell Miniprep System (Promega, USA) and reverse-transcribed using random hexamers and the Transcriptor High Fidelity cDNA synthesis kit (Roche, Germany) as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed using Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Roche, USA) with previously-published primer sets32 (link) on a ViiATM 7 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, USA).
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