A nonlethal model of segmental (70%) hepatic warm ischemia was used. The I/R protocol was initiated with the abdominal wall being clipped of hair and cleansed with betadine. Under sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg, i.p.) and methoxyflurane (inhalation) anesthesia, a midline laparotomy was performed. With the use of an operating microscope, the liver hilum was dissected free of surrounding tissue. All structures in the portal triad (hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct) to the left and median liver lobes were occluded with a microvascular clamp (Fine Science Tools) for 60 min; reperfusion was initiated by removal of the clamp. This method of segmental hepatic ischemia prevents mesenteric venous congestion by permitting portal decompression through the right and caudate lobes. The abdomen was covered with a sterile plastic wrap to minimize evaporative loss. Throughout the ischemic interval, evidence of ischemia was confirmed by visualizing the pale blanching of the ischemic lobes. The clamp was removed and gross evidence of reperfusion that was based on immediate color change was assured before closing the abdomen with continuous 4–0 polypropelene suture. The absence of ischemic color changes or the lack of response to reperfusion was a criterion for immediate sacrifice and exclusion from further analysis. Temperature was monitored by rectal temperature probe and was maintained at 37°C by means of a warming pad and heat lamp. At the end of the observation period following reperfusion, the mice were anesthetized with inhaled methoxyflurane and were killed by exsanguination.