Characterization of the hDPSC products was examined according to recent studies [21 (link), 22 (link), 27 (link)], as described in the Supplementary Methods. As for cell morphology assay, hDPSC products in a T-75 flask (Corning) were imaged under a Primovert inverted microscope (Carl Zeiss Microscopy). The expression of MSC surface markers including human CD146, CD105, CD73, CD90, CD34, CD45, CD14, and human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR), which were referred from a previous report [28 (link)], in hDPSC products was examined by flow cytometric analysis (FCM). The lineage-specific-gene expression was analyzed in the hDPSC products cultured under the specific inductive conditions into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. For secretome assay, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin 6 (IL6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin 9 (SIGLEC9) in the CM of the hDPSC products were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
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