Immunostaining method was described in a previous publication [52 (link)]. Detail information about the reagents in this part was shown in Table S1. Primary antibodies including anti-TH, anti-p-α-syn, anti-NF, and anti-GFAP were used either for midbrain or sciatic nerve. Then, secondary antibodies of Alexa Fluor 488 and 594 were incubated. Olympus FV1000 confocal laser scanning microscope was applied to acquire images.
For immunohistochemistry, brain slices were incubated with primary antibody of anti-TH. Number of TH+ neurons in SNpc of midbrain was assessed using optical fractionator (Stereo Investigator software, Microbrightfield Bioscience, Williston, VT, USA). All stereological analyses were performed under × 200 magnification of Olympus BX52 microscope (Olympus America Inc., Melville, NY, USA).
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